The NAFTA: Canada, Mexico And The USA

The NAFTA: Canada, Mexico And The USA INTRODUCTION The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in the year 1994; it is a huge landmark in the history of international trade. Fifteen years ago, The United States, Mexico and Canada brought forward the worlds biggest free trade area under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It was the first trade agreement to incorporate the issues of the labor adjustment and the environmental policies. The key purpose of NAFTA was to increase the FDI and the Trade by reducing the tariffs and other hindrances for businesses between Canada, Mexico and The United States. These three countries are brought together into a trilateral trade and investment agreement mainly in the field of health, security, migration and environmental issues. The agricultural industry was one of the most government secluded industries in the olden times. The United States, Mexico and Canada had many trade barriers before NAFTA came into force. Subsides, tariffs and quotas are the most common trade barriers which cuts down the free flow of goods and services across borders. Subsidies are fund providers for the domestic markets which enable the suppliers to produce more which causes a boost in the price and reduction in the demand of quantity. The tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods which decreases the imports by laying too much of tax on foreign countries on their exports which results in the increase of the domestic supply. The quotas are restrictions made on the quantity of the goods imported. The main purpose of NAFTA was to increase the FDI opportunities. Effects of NAFTA MEXICO During the 1980s the Mexican economy was significantly deepened into poverty but today it has the strongest economy in the whole of Latin America. This improvement is mainly due to the economic policies laid in1998 by President Carlos Salinas in introducing liberalization rules for privatization and FDI. Since then, the GDP of Mexico has grown in spite of the inflation. The country has managed to bring down the inflation rate from 25% to 6% in 2004 making a positive growth rate in its GDP. It has improved its export trade, mainly to the United States which looks upon Mexico for its 25% of all the imported vegetables and fruits. And now, Mexico has become the foremost region for foreign investments. The climate for international investment has grown favorable for Mexico in the recent years. Though there were strict restrictions in the 1970s for FDI, the rules which were employed in the year 1989 reversed all the strict controls which resulted in the increasing inflow of the foreign in vestments which paved the way for the MNEs to invest in Mexico. The country has also made changes in their investment laws which now permit the foreign investors to have the major equity which is one of the main reasons for the increase in the FDI. Mexico was considered as a country with a large inflow of the international investments and gained the confidence of the foreign investors due to its positive economic growth influenced by NAFTA. Though NAFTA has brought several benefits to Mexico as a whole, they are unevenly distributed throughout the country. Mexico stands closer to United States and Canada in level of its development and NAFTA has brought a positive impact on the Mexican manufacturers in adapting the technical innovations of the United States resulting in the increase of employment. NAFTAs effect on the agricultural sector increased the amount of workforce more when compared to the other sectors of the economy. Since NAFTA came into effect there was no major intervention by the government on the prices of exported crops and are expected to remain the same. Mexicos productivity of the irrigated lands increased after the intervention of NAFTA, but the non-irrigated agricultural sector remained the same. A number of foreign companies have also invested and established new factories in order to take benefits and advantage of NAFTA. A survey conducted in the year 2006 showed that a large number of the Mexicans favored the trade liberalization with Canada and United States. Even though there are certain divisions wish to renegotiate NAFTA and whether to continue the trade agreement with other countries, the Mexican citizens have a positive view on globalization. UNITED STATES United States has the worlds third largest population and the worlds fourth largest land mass. It has the strongest economies which account almost 30% of the worlds GDP. It is given a unique position among all the other countries due to its political stability, size and accounting for about one eighth of the worlds trade and services. It is the principal market for both higher and lower income countries. NAFTA was the first most important agreement signed by the US for major immigration purposes. It paved the way for the country to do free trade, i.e. free flow of good without any border restrictions along with services and free flow of people across borders. It was marked as the first and foremost trade agreement to bring in environmental policies in the history of the US. After the implementation of NAFTA, the agricultural exports of United States to Mexico have increased thrice the amount resulting in about $10.6 billion. Since, the effect of NAFTA over the United States and Mexic o trade is small; the US labor market is also relatively small. NAFTA has benefitted the US agricultural consumers and the producers to use the comparative advantage in a more effective way according to the economic conditions. The impact of NAFTA on the US had both positive and negative effects; however, it has benefitted the country more positively than in the negative way. The main impact of NAFTA on Unite States was the increase in its exports to Mexico. Since NAFTA, the United States agricultural exports have been growing enormously, it has been recorded that 75% of Mexicos Agro products are being supplied by the US. It has also improvised the transportation systems in the country; transportation has been very important due to the increase in the growth of the agricultural products. After the agreement, the job opportunities in the field of agriculture have also increased and as a result of high income, the funds were used for the betterment of the environmental policies. CANADA A country with the worlds second largest land mass, Canada has a vital economy accounting for 37% of its GDP in 2004 of $980 billion. Since NAFTA was implemented, Canada has become the chief exporter of goods to the US; it has experienced a tremendous growth in its economy. Due to the large productions and the economic activities enhanced in the country, lots of jobs opportunities were created for the Canadians, almost 4.3 million new jobs were created in between 1993 and 2008. Most of the jobs in Canada are related to trade. The employment rate has also increased from 14.9 million to 15.7 million in the last decade. One of NAFTAs biggest impacts on Canada was its bilateral agricultural flow making Canada the worlds leading importer of United States and the Exports from US to Canada increased twice the fold between 1994 and 2003. Canada exceeds the exports of United State by exporting the live animals to US, and thus Canada has a stronger comparative advantage than that of US and Mex ico. The western grain transportation act was eliminated; it was a subsidy on Canadian prairie grain transportation and other crops. Canada faces larger adjustments in agriculture as its production is high when compared to its size. Vegetable products are the major source of Canadas imports, remarkable increase occurs with poultry, fruits and meat also. Though Canada has a free market capitalist economy, it has also adapted interventionist economic policies. The small scale manufacturing enterprises produces solely with high tariffs for the local market, these small scale enterprises are protected by Canada. These plants brought in more jobs for the Canadians and as a result the prices were high for the consumers which led to unproductive portion of the resources. The Canadian government has provided its citizens with a social safety net together with a government owned National Health Service; the citizens pay high tax to avail this service. The Canadian private industries do not p rovide any cover for health care. Even though the country suffers from problems of production in other economic sectors, it has the most competitive automotive plant in the North America. In order to improve the access of the United States wines, Canada has also agreed to liberalize the distribution practices, the wine listing and also the pricing of the wines. Due to Canadas legal systems, political stability and its immediacy to the vast U.S. market, the global investors have long been attracted by Canada. NAFTA has improved the countrys future prospects in the field of investment and trade by making the rules and procedures strict throughout the entire continent. CONCLUSION NAFTAs aim is built on lowering the tariffs, which are imposed on most of the goods that are being traded among all the three countries, the United States, Canada and the Mexico and gradually eliminating them. While The United States, Canada and Mexico experienced a trend for a net trade creation, NAFTA drastically improved and also amplified the bilateral trade flow in between Canada United States and Mexico United States. Due to the small share of trade to its larger economy, the impact of NAFTA on United States GDP (Gross Domestic Product) appeared insignificant. On the other hand, NAFTAs impact on Canadas GDP was high due to larger role played by the country in trade, especially with the other members of the NAFTA and thus Canadas economy was improved. The Presidential elections of the United States 2008 brought in consideration on the talks of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) the tri trade block uniting the three countries namely the United States, Canada and Mexico. Since the accomplishment of NAFTA, the trade relations among the three countries have broadened and all the three countries have also grown in their economic level, Canada in its fastest average rate and Mexico at the slowest rate.

Year Stpauls College

Institutions and personal experience In this report I will discuss the Impacts of Institutions. Len this report I will refer to the book raw and Shawano redemption and a poem Power structures. Institutions have many power structures tort example An Institution does not Just have one set power structure with all the rest equal. A power structure Is a person of higher power. For example you're principal or the warden in jail. Students Raw by Scott Monk shows different levels of power structures in institutions. It shows the difference of a good power structure to help people.Tyson abuses his low phew kook raw shows that Tyson uses his size to taunt and bully the other kids on the farm. Tyson taunts Brett by calling him a pretty boy. Tyson thinks he has the power to do so. Shawano Redemption. The men are free. The power structures got them there. They learned from others mistakes and guidelines from the hierarchy. The men are free. The power structures got them there. They learned from others mistakes and guidelines from the hierarchy. Shawano by frank dartboard has a different power structure . He Jail warden is all about control discipline and underneath the Job as warden he is as irrupt as all the other convicts In the Jail. And was always being beaten up and never told any one until the higher power stepped in and stopped It. * The morning sun at the end * Driving into the sunset Rebellion and protest (response to institutionalizing) Rebellion and protest can be a response to institutionalizing. Institutionalizing is where the person in the institution becomes addicted to it and cannot live outside the Institution. Outside the Institution Is onto place for them, they have become institutionalized.Also a key part of Institutionalizing is because the institution revised safety, security and is a predictable place unlike the big wide world. These people that have become dependent on the institution cannot survive without the routine, strong boundary and decision making being made for them. Shawano In Shawano Redemption the character Brooks Heathen saw himself as someone, in prison he had a life there. He was being discharged and was not allowed to stay. Because of this he had to rebel. â€Å"This is the only way they'll let me star (Shawano tofu Redemption). Prison was what en knew and en was Witt his trends.Brooks rebels by trying to take a life to stay in prison. He had to rebel, he had to become institutionalized. He did not want to leave because this was his home for his whole life. Because of the institutionalizing when Brooks left prison he saw himself as a minority and did not have the respect and love he got in the prison. And an old man can't rebel or protest so he took his own life. Letters from an Institution By Michael Ryan Poem Letters from an institution by Michael Ryan â€Å"I'd like to push them each somewhere† the institution forces things upon the characters in the movie and the poem.He wants to rebel and push them away, they re hurting him. There is no starting again they are institutionalized. All they know is the institution. If they can't flee or rebel, they â€Å"start to want to crazy' they can't live without the rules forced upon them. Because they are so used to it they start to enjoy it, it becomes an addiction. As Red said in Shawano even now he has left the prison he still has to have to ask to pips. He has done it his whole life and can't stop now. Responsibilities of individuals within institutions The responsibilities of individuals within institutions is to fulfill the goal of institutions ideas.What we are looking at hear is the rehabilitation of individuals in institutions. Beret's self-image impacts his whole time at the farm. After the continuous pressure from his parent's and the police, Brett is lost and confused, he sees that he has no responsibilities and does not belong anywhere. Brett looked at his fists and they were swollen from too many fights, he shook his head. Brett realizes that it is his responsibility as an individual to change his life and do right. Before this point Brett does not want to be rehabilitated and does not see that he is responsible for his own actions.At the end of the book Brett see's that it is not the institutions responsibility to change him but that it is his and only he can change if he wants. â€Å"Only you can help yourself† (Raw). When he drives off into the morning sun he realizes the new day, a new beginning to be responsible and to take the consequences as he makes mistakes. Shawano Redemption. Unlike Brett in Raw, Andy Defense was innocent when he was put in Jail. He knew from the start of his two life sentences what he wanted and knew exactly how to get it. Even though he was doubted by Red when he bought his rock hammer â€Å"waste of money if you ask me†.Also the fact that Andy knew what he had to do to make his life easier. He went with the flow and knew what he had to do to escape. Brett f rom Raw did not know what he wanted and did not think it was his responsibility. Impact on self-image Your own self-image is how you see yourself. This can be particularly bad if your opinion of yourself is bad. But the opposite if it is good. It is how you see yourself through others eyes. For example how you think you look and if you think you're a DOD person or not. RAW Brett blames the world because he thinks everyone hates him.During the book Brett is pressured by obstacles along the way causing negative thoughts about himself and the world. â€Å"It's nard work UT I b it's honest money' (Raw) because Brett HTH KS the world hates him he automatically thinks that Josh is implying that he is a thief when he says this. Josh shows Bret how he sees himself as this person and how he automatically thinks everybody else sees him as this. This impacted Beret's self-image in a positive way. Letters from an Institution This poem reveals how the life has been sucked out the character. He has only one way of doing things, the institutional way.This way, in which people are trained and forced to do the one thing even if they don't want to. â€Å"l pretend a lighthouse with a little man inside†. The character in the poem imagines himself as a free person. He has to dream because he has no other way of doing things. He sees himself as a sailor who tells old stories of the sea. He can't be who he wants. The character from the poem is strapped to his bed tightly and is uncomfortable. He wants to be free but is bound by the beds and is incapable of being what he dreams about himself. He can only use his imagination now and it doesn't matter what everybody else sees him s.So he â€Å"starts to like the needles† and he â€Å"starts to want to crazy' (Letters from an Institution). After analyzing the texts Raw by Scott Monk, Shawano Redemption by Frank Dartboard and the Poem Letters from an Institution by Michael Ryan', I found that every person has a different personal experience in institutions. This report has confirmed my thesis that I believe that every person can and will have different experiences of institution to institution based on the approach they take to the institution. This is seen in Raw when Brett accepts responsibility and starts to improve his behavior and self-image.

72F. Mr. Fredrick. Advanced English 9 - 7. February 8,

72F Mr. Fredrick Advanced English 9 - 7 February 8, 2017 Fading Problems Looking back on the life of Aldous Huxley, he portrayed many of his problems in Brave New World. Huxley wrote a work that not only made the reader look upon Huxley’s time, but also make them look at their own and make a connection to see if the reader had similar problems still occurring. Literary devices such as characterization and allusions were used by Huxley to give the reader an idea of what was occurring in Huxley’s lifetime. Throughout Brave New World Huxley expressed three main problems: religion, the role of women in society, and the idolization of a â€Å"public/business† figure. The people of Huxley’s era in the Soviet Union underwent a time of Communism†¦show more content†¦Processes such as the assembly line, mass-production, and â€Å"giving every one a chance† was depicted through elements of the novel like the Bokanovsky process and assembly line (Davis). Nowadays, idolization is still found with these successful, innovative business figures. Throughout the past decade, figures such as Steve Jobs, co-owner of Apple, had given an â€Å"exceptional influence on others† (Phoenix). Even to this day, his work and power â€Å"was such a huge inspiration to so many across the world†, and the powerful people would always stand behind him (Phoenix). Consequently, in both time periods, then and now, the idolization of such figures has been present. The concluding concern depicted in Brave New World was the role of women in society during Huxley’s time (Posner). Before the 1920s, women were told that they had to do housework, tend to the children, and not have a job while men did most of the work outside of the house. Throughout the second half of Huxley’s life, a women would be surprised that â€Å"many changes would enter her life in the next 10 years† (Benner). With the Great Depression in the United States, â€Å"women’s employment rates actually rose† and along with more freedoms such as voting this was a giant leap towards a new perspective on women (Boehm). Today, the â€Å"sex-type† working has completely disappeared with the equality of both men and

Economy of Singapore - 1077 Words

Introduction In this essay we look in-depth on how government strategies and economic policy play a crucial role in the success of High Performance Asian Economies (HPAEs) during 1960 to 1990 (World Bank 1993).There are eight countries within HPAEs: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. Its economic development has significantly rise that it was name ‘East Asia Miracle’ (World Bank, 1993). Out of the eight country, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea were known as â€Å"Asia’s Four Little Dragon† along with Japan has modern it industry in rapid growth after World War II, (Ezra F, 1991). To understand the success behind Asia’s Four Little Dragon, the government economic policies and†¦show more content†¦The government economic strategy change from labour market to capital and skilled worker industry. The new education system introduce in 1979, after the completion of secondary education due to individual students’ academic result it can lead to 3 pathway. Institution Technical Education (ITE), Polytechnic (Occupational) and Junior College. (Ministry of Education, 2013) This system was created to minimize dropout and produce technical skill labour to reach it new economic goals. Singapore next economic phase needed more technical workers, foreign investor was looking for technological base such as computer parts, silicon, etc. the government heavily invested in ITE that was built to produce technical skill labour to meet the market demand. Outcome With foreign manufacturing industry entering Singapore market the manufacturing sector and its share in GDP grew from 16.6% in 1965 to nearly 30 % in 1980 and in 1993 manufacturing contributed to about 28 % of the total GDP and accounted for nearly 28% of employment. Singapore’s GDP raise to 13 times between 1960 and 1999. The nation has shown greatly decrease of figure of poverty. (United Nations 2000) The Jurong Industrial has help Singapore to industrialize the economy. With increasingly of foreign corporation entry has made Singapore more advance with it technology. Today Jurong Island has over 95 global companies. It has a fixedShow MoreRelatedEconomy of Singapore1620 Words   |  7 PagesEconomy of Singapore Singapore enjoys a highly developed and successful free-market economy, a remarkably open and corruption-free business environment, stable prices and one of the highest per capita gross domestic products in the world. Exports, particularly in electronics and chemicals, and services provide the main source of revenue for the economy. Singapore is positioning itself as the region’s financial and high-tech center. Singapore’s economic strategy proved a success, producing realRead MoreSingapore Economy Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT Singapore Economy (2004 to 2013) CONTENTS 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 2. Production Output Performance Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 3. Labour Market Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 4. Price Level Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 5. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 1. Introduction Singapore has a highly developed and free-market economy that thrives on an open and corruption-free environment. 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